Corporate Finance
Big Picture Overview
Click on flows (A–F) to learn about each step, or hover over components to see details.
Cost of Capital
The return rate firms must pay to raise funds. Weighted average of debt and equity costs (WACC).
Payout Policy
Decision on how much cash to return to shareholders (dividends) vs. retain for growth.
Firm Valuation
Market value equals present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the cost of capital.
Capital Structure
The mix of debt and equity financing. Affects risk, return, and firm value through tax benefits and financial distress costs.
The Complete Cycle
1. Firms raise capital from investors (A) → 2. Invest in assets and projects (B) → 3. Generate cash flows from operations (C) → 4. Pay taxes to government (D) → 5. Return cash to investors (E) and/or → 6. Reinvest retained earnings back into the business (F) → Repeat!